PRMClass_tpl.h

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/**************************************************************************
 *   Copyright (C) 2005 by Christophe GONZALES and Pierre-Henri WUILLEMIN  *
 *   {prenom.nom}_at_lip6.fr                                               *
 *                                                                         *
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  *
 *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or     *
 *   (at your option) any later version.                                   *
 *                                                                         *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,       *
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of        *
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the         *
 *   GNU General Public License for more details.                          *
 *                                                                         *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License     *
 *   along with this program; if not, write to the                         *
 *   Free Software Foundation, Inc.,                                       *
 *   59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.             *
 ***************************************************************************/
// to ease parsing
#include <queue>

#include <agrum/PRM/elements/PRMClass.h>

#include <agrum/PRM/elements/PRMInterface.h>

namespace gum {
  namespace prm {
    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::PRMClass(const std::string& name) :
        PRMClassElementContainer< GUM_SCALAR >(name), __superClass(nullptr),
        __implements(nullptr), __bijection(nullptr) {
      GUM_CONSTRUCTOR(PRMClass);
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::PRMClass(const std::string&      name,
                                     PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >& super,
                                     bool                    delayInheritance) :
        PRMClassElementContainer< GUM_SCALAR >(name),
        __superClass(&super), __implements(nullptr),
        __bijection(
           new Bijection< const DiscreteVariable*, const DiscreteVariable* >()) {
      GUM_CONSTRUCTOR(PRMClass);
      if (!delayInheritance) {
        __dag = super.containerDag();
        __inheritClass(super);
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::PRMClass(const std::string& name,
                                     const Set< PRMInterface< GUM_SCALAR >* >& set,
                                     bool delayInheritance) :
        PRMClassElementContainer< GUM_SCALAR >(name),
        __superClass(nullptr),
        __implements(new Set< PRMInterface< GUM_SCALAR >* >(set)),
        __bijection(nullptr) {
      GUM_CONSTRUCTOR(PRMClass);

      if (!delayInheritance) { __implementInterfaces(false); }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::PRMClass(const std::string&      name,
                                     PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >& super,
                                     const Set< PRMInterface< GUM_SCALAR >* >& set,
                                     bool delayInheritance) :
        PRMClassElementContainer< GUM_SCALAR >(name),
        __superClass(&super), __implements(nullptr),
        __bijection(
           new Bijection< const DiscreteVariable*, const DiscreteVariable* >()) {
      GUM_CONSTRUCTOR(PRMClass);
      if (!delayInheritance) {
        __dag = super.containerDag();
        __inheritClass(super);
      }

      // Adding other implementation
      if (__implements == nullptr) {   // super has not created __implements
        __implements = new Set< PRMInterface< GUM_SCALAR >* >(set);
      } else {   // we just add the new implementations
        for (const auto elt : set) {
          __implements->insert(elt);
        }
      }

      if (!delayInheritance) { __implementInterfaces(false); }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::__implementInterfaces(bool delayedInheritance) {
      for (const auto impl : *__implements) {
        impl->__addImplementation(this);
        if ((!__superClass) || (!super().isSubTypeOf(*impl))
            || delayedInheritance) {
          // Reserve reference id in DAG
          for (auto ref : impl->referenceSlots()) {
            __dag.addNodeWithId(ref->id());
          }
          // Reserve attribute id in DAG
          for (auto attr : impl->attributes()) {
            __dag.addNodeWithId(attr->id());
          }
        }
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::~PRMClass() {
      GUM_DESTRUCTOR(PRMClass);

      for (const auto& elt : __nodeIdMap) {
        delete elt.second;
      }

      if (__implements) { delete __implements; }

      if (__bijection) { delete __bijection; }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::initializeInheritance() {
      if (__superClass) {
        __superClass->__addExtension(this);
        // Adding implemented interfaces, if any
        if (__superClass->__implements) {
          if (!__implements) {
            __implements = new Set< PRMInterface< GUM_SCALAR >* >(
               *(__superClass->__implements));
          } else {
            for (auto i : *(__superClass->__implements)) {
              __implements->insert(i);
            }
          }
        }
      }
      if (__implements) { __implementInterfaces(true); }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::inheritReferenceSlots() {
      if (__superClass) {
        // Copying reference slots
        for (const auto c_refslot : __superClass->__referenceSlots) {
          auto ref = new PRMReferenceSlot< GUM_SCALAR >(
             c_refslot->name(),
             const_cast< PRMClassElementContainer< GUM_SCALAR >& >(
                c_refslot->slotType()),
             c_refslot->isArray());

          ref->setId(c_refslot->id());
          // Not reserved by an interface
          if (!__dag.existsNode(ref->id())) { __dag.addNodeWithId(ref->id()); }
          __nodeIdMap.insert(ref->id(), ref);
          __referenceSlots.insert(ref);

          if (__superClass->__nameMap[c_refslot->name()]
              == __superClass->__nameMap[c_refslot->safeName()]) {
            __nameMap.insert(ref->name(), ref);
          }

          __nameMap.insert(ref->safeName(), ref);
        }
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::inheritParameters() {
      if (__superClass) {
        // Copying parameters
        for (const auto c_param : __superClass->__parameters) {
          auto param = new PRMParameter< GUM_SCALAR >(
             c_param->name(), c_param->valueType(), c_param->value());

          __parameters.insert(param);

          param->setId(c_param->id());
          __dag.addNodeWithId(param->id());
          __nodeIdMap.insert(param->id(), param);
          __nameMap.insert(param->name(), param);
        }
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::inheritAttributes() {
      if (__superClass) {
        for (const auto c_attr : __superClass->__attributes) {
          // using multiDimSparse to prevent unecessary memory allocation for
          // large arrays (the potentials are copied latter)
          auto attr = c_attr->newFactory(*this);

          __bijection->insert(&(c_attr->type().variable()),
                              &(attr->type().variable()));
          attr->setId(c_attr->id());
          try {
            __dag.addNodeWithId(attr->id());
          } catch (gum::Exception&) {
            // Node reserved by an interface
          }
          __nodeIdMap.insert(attr->id(), attr);
          __attributes.insert(attr);

          if (__superClass->__nameMap[c_attr->name()]
              == __superClass->__nameMap[c_attr->safeName()]) {
            __nameMap.insert(attr->name(), attr);
          }

          __nameMap.insert(attr->safeName(), attr);
        }
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::inheritAggregates() {
      if (__superClass) {
        for (const auto c_agg : __superClass->__aggregates) {
          PRMAggregate< GUM_SCALAR >* agg = nullptr;

          try {
            agg = new PRMAggregate< GUM_SCALAR >(
               c_agg->name(), c_agg->agg_type(), c_agg->type(), c_agg->label());
          } catch (OperationNotAllowed&) {
            agg = new PRMAggregate< GUM_SCALAR >(
               c_agg->name(), c_agg->agg_type(), c_agg->type());
            agg->sharedLabel(c_agg->sharedLabel());
            agg->setLabel(c_agg->labelValue());
          }

          __bijection->insert(&(c_agg->type().variable()),
                              &(agg->type().variable()));
          agg->setId(c_agg->id());
          __dag.addNodeWithId(agg->id());
          __nodeIdMap.insert(agg->id(), agg);
          __aggregates.insert(agg);

          if (__superClass->__nameMap[c_agg->name()]
              == __superClass->__nameMap[c_agg->safeName()])
            __nameMap.insert(agg->name(), agg);

          __nameMap.insert(agg->safeName(), agg);
        }
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::inheritSlotChains() {
      if (__superClass) {
        // Copying slot chains
        for (const auto c_sc : __superClass->__slotChains) {
          // Because of aggregators, some slotchains may exists already
          if (!(__nameMap.exists(c_sc->name())
                && __nameMap.exists(c_sc->safeName()))) {
            // We just need to change the first PRMReferenceSlot<GUM_SCALAR> in
            // the
            // chain
            auto chain = c_sc->chain();

            chain.setAtPos(0, __nameMap[c_sc->chain().front()->name()]);

            auto sc = new PRMSlotChain< GUM_SCALAR >(c_sc->name(), chain);
            __bijection->insert(&(c_sc->type().variable()),
                                &(sc->type().variable()));
            sc->setId(c_sc->id());
            __dag.addNodeWithId(sc->id());
            __nodeIdMap.insert(sc->id(), sc);
            __slotChains.insert(sc);

            if (!__nameMap.exists(sc->name())) {
              __nameMap.insert(sc->name(), sc);
            }
            if (!__nameMap.exists(sc->safeName())) {
              __nameMap.insert(sc->safeName(), sc);
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::completeInheritance(const std::string& name) {
      if (__superClass) {
        auto& elt = this->get(name);
        if (!(PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::isAttribute(elt)
              || PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::isAggregate(elt))) {
          GUM_ERROR(OperationNotAllowed,
                    "you can only complete inheritance for attributes");
        }

        for (const auto& prnt : super().containerDag().parents(elt.id())) {
          this->addArc(super().get(prnt).safeName(), elt.safeName());
        }

        if (PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::isAttribute(elt)) {
          auto& attr = static_cast< PRMAttribute< GUM_SCALAR >& >(elt);
          auto& super_attr =
             static_cast< const PRMAttribute< GUM_SCALAR >& >(super().get(name));
          attr.copyCpf(*__bijection, super_attr);
        }
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::__inheritClass(const PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >& c) {
      if (__superClass) {
        __superClass->__addExtension(this);
        // Adding implemented interfaces of c, if any
        if (c.__implements) {
          if (!__implements) {
            __implements =
               new Set< PRMInterface< GUM_SCALAR >* >(*(c.__implements));
          } else {
            for (auto i : *(c.__implements)) {
              __implements->insert(i);
            }
          }
        }

        // Copying attributes, the bijection's firsts are attributes in this and
        // its
        // seconds are attributes
        // in c.
        Bijection< const DiscreteVariable*, const DiscreteVariable* > bij;

        // Copying parameters
        for (const auto c_param : c.__parameters) {
          auto param = new PRMParameter< GUM_SCALAR >(
             c_param->name(), c_param->valueType(), c_param->value());

          __parameters.insert(param);

          param->setId(c_param->id());
          __nodeIdMap.insert(param->id(), param);
          __nameMap.insert(param->name(), param);
        }

        // Copying attributes
        for (const auto c_attr : c.__attributes) {
          // using multiDimSparse to prevent unecessary memory allocation for
          // large arrays (the potentials are copied latter)
          auto attr = c_attr->newFactory(*this);

          bij.insert(&(c_attr->type().variable()), &(attr->type().variable()));
          attr->setId(c_attr->id());
          __nodeIdMap.insert(attr->id(), attr);
          __attributes.insert(attr);

          if (c.__nameMap[c_attr->name()] == c.__nameMap[c_attr->safeName()]) {
            __nameMap.insert(attr->name(), attr);
          }

          __nameMap.insert(attr->safeName(), attr);
        }

        // Copying aggregates
        for (const auto c_agg : c.__aggregates) {
          PRMAggregate< GUM_SCALAR >* agg = nullptr;

          try {
            agg = new PRMAggregate< GUM_SCALAR >(
               c_agg->name(), c_agg->agg_type(), c_agg->type(), c_agg->label());
          } catch (OperationNotAllowed&) {
            agg = new PRMAggregate< GUM_SCALAR >(
               c_agg->name(), c_agg->agg_type(), c_agg->type());
          }

          bij.insert(&(c_agg->type().variable()), &(agg->type().variable()));
          agg->setId(c_agg->id());
          __nodeIdMap.insert(agg->id(), agg);
          __aggregates.insert(agg);

          if (c.__nameMap[c_agg->name()] == c.__nameMap[c_agg->safeName()])
            __nameMap.insert(agg->name(), agg);

          __nameMap.insert(agg->safeName(), agg);
        }

        // Copying reference slots
        for (const auto c_refslot : c.__referenceSlots) {
          PRMReferenceSlot< GUM_SCALAR >* ref = new PRMReferenceSlot< GUM_SCALAR >(
             c_refslot->name(),
             const_cast< PRMClassElementContainer< GUM_SCALAR >& >(
                c_refslot->slotType()),
             c_refslot->isArray());

          ref->setId(c_refslot->id());
          __nodeIdMap.insert(ref->id(), ref);
          __referenceSlots.insert(ref);

          if (c.__nameMap[c_refslot->name()] == c.__nameMap[c_refslot->safeName()])
            __nameMap.insert(ref->name(), ref);

          __nameMap.insert(ref->safeName(), ref);
        }

        // Copying slot chains
        for (const auto c_slotchain : c.__slotChains) {
          // We just need to change the first PRMReferenceSlot<GUM_SCALAR> in
          // the
          // chain
          Sequence< PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >* > chain(c_slotchain->chain());

          chain.setAtPos(0, __nameMap[c_slotchain->chain().front()->name()]);

          PRMSlotChain< GUM_SCALAR >* sc =
             new PRMSlotChain< GUM_SCALAR >(c_slotchain->name(), chain);
          bij.insert(&(c_slotchain->type().variable()), &(sc->type().variable()));
          sc->setId(c_slotchain->id());
          __nodeIdMap.insert(sc->id(), sc);
          __slotChains.insert(sc);

          __nameMap.insert(sc->name(), sc);
          __nameMap.insert(sc->safeName(), sc);
        }

        // Copying dependencies yield by arcs
        for (const auto& arc : c.containerDag().arcs()) {
          __nodeIdMap[arc.tail()]->addChild(*(__nodeIdMap[arc.head()]));
          __nodeIdMap[arc.head()]->addParent(*(__nodeIdMap[arc.tail()]));
        }

        // Copying the IO flag
        this->_copyIOFlags(c);
        // Copying content of CPF
        for (const auto attr : c.__attributes) {
          auto a = static_cast< PRMAttribute< GUM_SCALAR >* >(
             __nameMap[attr->safeName()]);
          a->copyCpf(bij, *attr);
        }
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    bool PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::isSubTypeOf(
       const PRMClassElementContainer< GUM_SCALAR >& cec) const {
      switch (cec.obj_type()) {
        case PRMObject::prm_type::CLASS: {
          const PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >* current = this;

          while (current != 0) {
            if (current == &(cec)) return true;

            current = current->__superClass;
          }

          return false;
        }

        case PRMObject::prm_type::PRM_INTERFACE: {
          if (__implements != nullptr) {
            const PRMInterface< GUM_SCALAR >& i =
               static_cast< const PRMInterface< GUM_SCALAR >& >(cec);

            if (__implements->exists(
                   const_cast< PRMInterface< GUM_SCALAR >* >(&i)))
              return true;

            for (const auto impl : *__implements)
              if (impl->isSubTypeOf(i)) return true;
          }

          return false;
        }

        default: {
          GUM_ERROR(FatalError, "unknown ClassElementContainer<GUM_SCALAR>");
        }
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::addArc(const std::string& tail_name,
                                        const std::string& head_name) {
      PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >* tail = 0;
      PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >* head = 0;

      try {
        tail = __nameMap[tail_name];
        head = __nameMap[head_name];
      } catch (NotFound&) {
        GUM_ERROR(NotFound,
                  "tail and/or head of arc does not exists in this Class");
      }

      if ((tail->elt_type() == PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::prm_refslot)
          || (head->elt_type() == PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::prm_refslot)) {
        GUM_ERROR(OperationNotAllowed,
                  "a PRMReferenceSlot<GUM_SCALAR> can "
                  "not on neither side of an arc");
      }

      if ((tail->elt_type() == PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::prm_slotchain)
          && (head->elt_type() == PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::prm_slotchain)) {
        GUM_ERROR(OperationNotAllowed,
                  "illegal insertion of an arc between two SlotChain<GUM_SCALAR>");
      }

      if (!__dag.existsArc(Arc(tail->id(), head->id()))) {
        __dag.addArc(tail->id(), head->id());
      } else {
        GUM_ERROR(DuplicateElement,
                  "duplicate arc " << tail_name << "->" << head_name);
      }

      get(tail->id()).addChild(get(head->id()));
      get(head->id()).addParent(get(tail->id()));

      // Defining input / output nodes
      if (tail->elt_type() == PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::prm_slotchain) {
        PRMSlotChain< GUM_SCALAR >* sc =
           static_cast< PRMSlotChain< GUM_SCALAR >* >(tail);
        this->setInputNode(*head, true);
        sc->end().setOutputNode(sc->end().get(sc->lastElt().safeName()), true);
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::__checkInterfaces(
       PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >* elt) {
      try {
        for (auto i : implements()) {
          if (i->exists(elt->name())) { __checkInterface(elt, i); }
        }
      } catch (NotFound&) {
        // No interface
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void
       PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::__checkInterface(PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >* elt,
                                                PRMInterface< GUM_SCALAR >*    i) {
      const auto& i_elt = i->get(elt->name());
      bool        is_attr = PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::isAttribute(i_elt);
      bool        is_agg = PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::isAggregate(i_elt);

      if (!(is_attr || is_agg)) {
        GUM_ERROR(OperationNotAllowed, "Class does not respect it's interface");
      }

      if (!elt->type().isSubTypeOf(i_elt.type())) {
        GUM_ERROR(OperationNotAllowed,
                  "Attribute type does not respect class interface");
      }

      if (elt->type() != i_elt.type()) {
        if (!this->exists(i_elt.safeName())) {
          GUM_ERROR(OperationNotAllowed,
                    "Attribute type does not respect class interface");
        }
        elt = &(this->get(i_elt.safeName()));
      }

      // Node must be reserved by constructor
      if (!__dag.existsNode(i_elt.id())) {
        GUM_ERROR(FatalError, "Class does not reserved implemented nodes");
      }

      // Removing unused node and changing to proper node
      if (elt->id() != i_elt.id()) {
        // Update cast descendants
        for (auto child : __dag.children(elt->id())) {
          __dag.addArc(i_elt.id(), child);
        }
        __dag.eraseNode(elt->id());
      }
      __nodeIdMap.erase(elt->id());
      elt->setId(i_elt.id());
      __nodeIdMap.insert(elt->id(), elt);
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::__checkRefInterfaces(
       PRMReferenceSlot< GUM_SCALAR >* ref) {
      try {
        for (auto i : implements()) {
          if (i->exists(ref->name())) { __checkRefInterface(ref, i); }
        }
      } catch (NotFound&) {
        // No interface to check
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::__checkRefInterface(
       PRMReferenceSlot< GUM_SCALAR >* ref, PRMInterface< GUM_SCALAR >* i) {
      auto& i_elt = i->get(ref->name());
      if (i_elt.elt_type() != ref->elt_type()) {
        GUM_ERROR(OperationNotAllowed, "Class does not respect it's interface");
      }
      auto& i_ref = static_cast< PRMReferenceSlot< GUM_SCALAR >& >(i_elt);
      if (!ref->slotType().isSubTypeOf(i_ref.slotType())) {
        GUM_ERROR(OperationNotAllowed,
                  "ReferenceSlot type does not respect class interface");
      }
      // Node must be reserved by constructor
      if (!__dag.exists(i_ref.id())) {
        GUM_ERROR(FatalError,
                  "class " << this->name() << " does not respect interface "
                           << i->name() << " implementation");
      }
      // Removing unused node and changin to propoer node
      if (ref->id() != i_ref.id()) { __dag.eraseNode(ref->id()); }
      __nodeIdMap.erase(ref->id());
      ref->setId(i_ref.id());
      __nodeIdMap.insert(ref->id(), ref);
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    NodeId PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::add(PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >* elt) {
      if (__nameMap.exists(elt->name())) {
        GUM_ERROR(DuplicateElement,
                  "name " << elt->name()
                          << " already used by another ClassElement");
      }

      elt->setId(nextNodeId());
      __dag.addNodeWithId(elt->id());
      __nodeIdMap.insert(elt->id(), elt);
      __nameMap.insert(elt->name(), elt);

      try {
        __nameMap.insert(elt->safeName(), elt);
      } catch (DuplicateElement& e) {
        if (!(PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::isSlotChain(*elt)
              || PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::isParameter(*elt))) {
          throw DuplicateElement(e);
        }
      }

      switch (elt->elt_type()) {
        case PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::prm_attribute: {
          __attributes.insert(static_cast< PRMAttribute< GUM_SCALAR >* >(elt));
          __addCastDescendants(static_cast< PRMAttribute< GUM_SCALAR >* >(elt));

          // Update attribute or cast descendant id to respect implemented
          // interface
          __checkInterfaces(elt);

          __addIOInterfaceFlags(elt);
          break;
        }

        case PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::prm_aggregate: {
          __aggregates.insert(static_cast< PRMAggregate< GUM_SCALAR >* >(elt));
          __addCastDescendants(static_cast< PRMAttribute< GUM_SCALAR >* >(elt));

          // Update attribute or cast descendant id to respect implemented
          // interface
          __checkInterfaces(elt);

          __addIOInterfaceFlags(elt);
          break;
        }

        case PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::prm_refslot: {
          auto ref = static_cast< PRMReferenceSlot< GUM_SCALAR >* >(elt);
          __referenceSlots.insert(ref);

          // Updating ref's id if ref implements an interface
          __checkRefInterfaces(ref);
          break;
        }

        case PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::prm_slotchain: {
          __slotChains.insert(static_cast< PRMSlotChain< GUM_SCALAR >* >(elt));
          break;
        }

        case PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::prm_parameter: {
          __parameters.insert(static_cast< PRMParameter< GUM_SCALAR >* >(elt));
          break;
        }

        default: {
          GUM_ERROR(FatalError, "unknown ClassElement<GUM_SCALAR> type");
        }
      }

      return elt->id();
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::__addCastDescendants(
       PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >* attr) {
      auto                        parent = attr;
      PRMAttribute< GUM_SCALAR >* child = 0;

      while (parent->type().isSubType()) {
        child = parent->getCastDescendant();

        // Check if id was reserved by one of the class interfaces
        bool found = false;
        try {
          for (auto i : implements()) {
            if (i->exists(child->safeName())) {
              child->setId(i->get(child->safeName()).id());
              found = true;
              break;
            }
          }
        } catch (NotFound&) {
          // No interface
        }
        if (!found) {
          child->setId(nextNodeId());
          __dag.addNodeWithId(child->id());
        }
        __nodeIdMap.insert(child->id(), child);
        // Only use child's safe name when adding to the name map!
        __nameMap.insert(child->safeName(), child);
        __attributes.insert(child);
        // Do not use Class<GUM_SCALAR>::insertArc(), child's CPF is already
        // initialized properly
        __dag.addArc(parent->id(), child->id());

        parent = child;
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    NodeId PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::overload(
       PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >* overloader) {
      try {
        if (!super().exists(overloader->name())) {
          GUM_ERROR(OperationNotAllowed,
                    "found no ClassElement<GUM_SCALAR> to overload");
        }
      } catch (NotFound&) {
        GUM_ERROR(OperationNotAllowed,
                  "overload is possible only with subclasses");
      }

      PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >* overloaded = __nameMap[overloader->name()];
      if (overloaded == overloader) {
        GUM_ERROR(DuplicateElement,
                  "dupplicate ClassElement " << overloader->name());
      }
      // Checking overload legality
      if (!__checkOverloadLegality(overloaded, overloader)) {
        GUM_ERROR(OperationNotAllowed, "illegal overload");
      }

      switch (overloader->elt_type()) {
        case PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::prm_attribute: {
          auto overloader_attr =
             static_cast< PRMAttribute< GUM_SCALAR >* >(overloader);
          auto overloaded_attr =
             static_cast< PRMAttribute< GUM_SCALAR >* >(overloaded);
          __overloadAttribute(overloader_attr, overloaded_attr);
          __addIOInterfaceFlags(overloader);
          break;
        }

        case PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::prm_aggregate: {
          __overloadAggregate(
             static_cast< PRMAggregate< GUM_SCALAR >* >(overloader), overloaded);
          __addIOInterfaceFlags(overloader);
          break;
        }

        case PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::prm_refslot: {
          // __checkOverloadLegality guaranties that overloaded is a
          // PRMReferenceSlot<GUM_SCALAR>
          auto overloader_ref =
             static_cast< PRMReferenceSlot< GUM_SCALAR >* >(overloader);
          auto overloaded_ref =
             static_cast< PRMReferenceSlot< GUM_SCALAR >* >(overloaded);
          __overloadReference(overloader_ref, overloaded_ref);
          break;
        }

        case PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::prm_slotchain: {
          GUM_ERROR(OperationNotAllowed,
                    "SlotChain<GUM_SCALAR> can not be overloaded");
          break;
        }

        case PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::prm_parameter: {
          auto overloaded_param =
             static_cast< PRMParameter< GUM_SCALAR >* >(overloaded);
          auto overloader_param =
             static_cast< PRMParameter< GUM_SCALAR >* >(overloader);
          __overloadParameter(overloader_param, overloaded_param);
          break;
        }
        default: {
          GUM_ERROR(OperationNotAllowed, "unknown ClassElement<GUM_SCALAR> type");
        }
      }

      return overloader->id();
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::__overloadAttribute(
       PRMAttribute< GUM_SCALAR >* overloader,
       PRMAttribute< GUM_SCALAR >* overloaded) {
      __dag.eraseParents(overloaded->id());

      // Checking if we have to add cast descendant
      if (overloader->type() != overloaded->type()) {
        overloader->setId(nextNodeId());
        __dag.addNodeWithId(overloader->id());
        __nodeIdMap.insert(overloader->id(), overloader);
        __nameMap[overloader->name()] = overloader;
        __nameMap.insert(overloader->safeName(), overloader);
        __attributes.insert(overloader);
        __addCastDescendants(overloader, overloaded);
      } else {
        overloader->setId(overloaded->id());
        __nodeIdMap[overloader->id()] = overloader;
        __nameMap[overloader->name()] = overloader;
        __nameMap[overloader->safeName()] = overloader;
        __attributes.erase(overloaded);
        __attributes.insert(overloader);
        overloader->overload(overloaded);
        delete overloaded;
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::__overloadReference(
       PRMReferenceSlot< GUM_SCALAR >* overloader,
       PRMReferenceSlot< GUM_SCALAR >* overloaded) {
      // Adding overloading reference
      overloader->setId(overloaded->id());
      __nodeIdMap[overloader->id()] = overloader;
      __nameMap[overloader->name()] = overloader;
      __nameMap.insert(overloader->safeName(), overloader);
      __referenceSlots.insert(overloader);
      PRMSlotChain< GUM_SCALAR >*                sc = 0;
      PRMReferenceSlot< GUM_SCALAR >*            ref = 0;
      PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >*             next = 0;
      std::vector< PRMSlotChain< GUM_SCALAR >* > toRemove, toAdd;

      // Updating PRMSlotChain<GUM_SCALAR> which started with overloaded
      for (const auto slotchain : __slotChains) {
        // If the attribute pointed by this slotchain is overloaded, we need to
        // change the slotchain
        // names to it's safename version: ref.attr is replaced by
        // ref.(type)attr.
        if ((slotchain->chain().atPos(0) == overloaded)) {
          Sequence< PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >* > seq;
          seq.insert(overloader);

          auto elt = ++(slotchain->chain().begin());

          while (elt != slotchain->chain().end()) {
            ref = static_cast< PRMReferenceSlot< GUM_SCALAR >* >(seq.back());
            next = &(ref->slotType().get((*elt)->name()));
            seq.insert(next);
            ++elt;
          }

          // If the slotchain last element type changes, we change the slotchain
          // to
          // point towards the cast decendant
          // with the correct type
          if (seq.back()->type() != slotchain->lastElt().type()) {
            seq.erase(seq.back());
            seq.insert(&(static_cast< PRMReferenceSlot< GUM_SCALAR >* >(seq.back())
                            ->slotType()
                            .get(slotchain->lastElt().safeName())));
            std::string sc_name;
            std::string dot = ".";

            for (Size i = 0; i < seq.size() - 1; ++i) {
              sc_name += seq.atPos(i)->name() + dot;
            }

            sc_name += seq.back()->safeName();
            sc = new PRMSlotChain< GUM_SCALAR >(sc_name, seq);
            sc->setId(slotchain->id());

            for (const auto child : this->containerDag().children(sc->id())) {
              auto& elt = get(child);
              if (PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::isAttribute(elt)) {
                auto& attr = static_cast< PRMAttribute< GUM_SCALAR >& >(elt);
                auto& old_type = slotchain->lastElt().type();
                auto& new_type = sc->lastElt().type();
                attr.swap(old_type, new_type);
              } else {
                GUM_ERROR(OperationNotAllowed, "unexpected ClassElement");
                // get( child ).cpf().replace(
                // slotchain->lastElt().type().variable(),
                // sc->lastElt().type().variable() );
              }
            }

            toAdd.push_back(sc);
            toRemove.push_back(slotchain);
          } else {
            // Types are identical, we just need to change the first reference
            slotchain->chain().setAtPos(0, overloader);
          }
        }
      }

      for (const auto torem : toRemove) {
        __nameMap.erase(torem->name());
        __slotChains.erase(torem);
        delete torem;
      }

      for (const auto toadd : toAdd) {
        __nameMap.insert(toadd->name(), toadd);
        __nodeIdMap[toadd->id()] = toadd;
        __slotChains.insert(sc);
      }

      // Removing overloaded PRMReferenceSlot<GUM_SCALAR>
      __referenceSlots.erase(overloaded);
      __nameMap.erase(overloaded->safeName());
      delete overloaded;
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::__overloadParameter(
       PRMParameter< GUM_SCALAR >* overloader,
       PRMParameter< GUM_SCALAR >* overloaded) {
      overloader->setId(overloaded->id());
      __nodeIdMap[overloader->id()] = overloader;
      __nameMap[overloader->name()] = overloader;
      __nameMap[overloader->safeName()] = overloader;
      __parameters.erase(overloaded);
      __parameters.insert(overloader);
      delete overloaded;
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::__addCastDescendants(
       PRMAttribute< GUM_SCALAR >* start, PRMAttribute< GUM_SCALAR >* end) {
      PRMAttribute< GUM_SCALAR >* parent = start;
      PRMAttribute< GUM_SCALAR >* child = 0;

      while (parent->type().superType() != end->type()) {
        child = parent->getCastDescendant();
        child->setId(nextNodeId());
        __nodeIdMap.insert(child->id(), child);
        __dag.addNodeWithId(child->id());
        // Only use child's safe name when adding to the name map!
        __nameMap.insert(child->safeName(), child);
        __attributes.insert(child);
        __addIOInterfaceFlags(child);
        // Do not use Class<GUM_SCALAR>::insertArc(), child's CPF is already
        // initialized properly
        __dag.addArc(parent->id(), child->id());
        parent = child;
      }

      parent->setAsCastDescendant(end);
      __dag.addArc(parent->id(), end->id());
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::_findAllSubtypes(
       Set< PRMClassElementContainer< GUM_SCALAR >* >& set) {
      for (auto ext : __extensions) {
        set.insert(ext);
        ext->_findAllSubtypes(set);
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::__addIOInterfaceFlags(
       PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >* elt) {
      // We only add IO Flags if elt matches is required by and interface
      if (__implements != nullptr) {
        for (const auto impl : *__implements) {
          PRMInterface< GUM_SCALAR >* super = impl;
          while (super) {
            // If the attribute is defined in an interface, we set it as an
            // OutputNode
            if (impl->exists(elt->name())) {
              try {
                this->_getIOFlag(*elt).second = true;
              } catch (NotFound&) {
                this->_setIOFlag(*elt, std::make_pair(false, true));
              }
            }
            try {
              super = &(super->super());
            } catch (NotFound&) { super = nullptr; }
          }
        }
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::_updateDescendants(
       const PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >& elt) {
      // for ( const auto ext : __extensions ) {
      //  // We test to prevent unnecessary recursive call from iter
      //  if ( !ext->isOutputNode( elt ) ) {
      //    ext->setOutputNode( elt, true );
      //  }
      //}
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE typename PRMObject::prm_type PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::obj_type() const {
      return PRMObject::prm_type::CLASS;
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE const DAG& PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::_dag() const {
      return __dag;
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE DAG& PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::_dag() {
      return __dag;
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >& PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::get(NodeId id) {
      try {
        return *(__nodeIdMap[id]);
      } catch (NotFound&) {
        GUM_ERROR(NotFound, "no ClassElement<GUM_SCALAR> with the given NodeId");
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE const PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >&
                 PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::get(NodeId id) const {
      try {
        return *(__nodeIdMap[id]);
      } catch (NotFound&) {
        GUM_ERROR(NotFound,
                  "no ClassElement<GUM_SCALAR> with the given NodeId (" << id
                                                                        << ")");
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >&
           PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::get(const std::string& name) {
      try {
        return *(__nameMap[name]);
      } catch (NotFound&) {
        GUM_ERROR(NotFound,
                  "no ClassElement<GUM_SCALAR> with the given name (" << name
                                                                      << ")");
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE const PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >&
                 PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::get(const std::string& name) const {
      try {
        return *(__nameMap[name]);
      } catch (NotFound&) {
        GUM_ERROR(NotFound,
                  "no ClassElement<GUM_SCALAR> with the given name (" << name
                                                                      << ")");
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE const Set< PRMAttribute< GUM_SCALAR >* >&
                 PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::attributes() const {
      return __attributes;
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE const Set< PRMParameter< GUM_SCALAR >* >&
                 PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::parameters() const {
      return __parameters;
    }

    // Private struct for retrieving all params in scope
    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    struct ParamScopeData {
      std::string                   prefix;
      const PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >* c;
      Idx                           depth;

      ParamScopeData(const std::string&                    s,
                     const PRMReferenceSlot< GUM_SCALAR >& ref,
                     Idx                                   d) :
          prefix(s + ref.name() + "."),
          c(static_cast< const PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >* >(&(ref.slotType()))),
          depth(d) {}
    };

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE HashTable< std::string, const PRMParameter< GUM_SCALAR >* >
           PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::scope() const {
      HashTable< std::string, const PRMParameter< GUM_SCALAR >* > params;

      for (const auto p : parameters()) {
        params.insert(p->name(), p);
      }

      std::queue< ParamScopeData< GUM_SCALAR > > queue;

      for (const auto ref : referenceSlots()) {
        if (PRMObject::isClass(ref->slotType())) {
          queue.push(ParamScopeData< GUM_SCALAR >("", *ref, 1));
        }
      }

      while (!queue.empty()) {
        auto data = queue.front();
        queue.pop();

        if (data.depth < 5) {
          for (const auto p : data.c->parameters()) {
            params.insert(data.prefix + p->name(), p);
          }

          for (const auto ref : data.c->referenceSlots()) {
            if (PRMObject::isClass(ref->slotType())) {
              queue.push(
                 ParamScopeData< GUM_SCALAR >(data.prefix, *ref, data.depth + 1));
            }
          }
        } else {
          // @todo depth>5 is a workaround. Cycle detection is needed here !
          GUM_TRACE("Depth limit reached when looking up parameters");
        }
      }

      return params;
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE const Set< PRMAggregate< GUM_SCALAR >* >&
                 PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::aggregates() const {
      return __aggregates;
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE const Set< PRMReferenceSlot< GUM_SCALAR >* >&
                 PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::referenceSlots() const {
      return __referenceSlots;
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE const Set< PRMSlotChain< GUM_SCALAR >* >&
                 PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::slotChains() const {
      return __slotChains;
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE const PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >& PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::super() const {
      if (__superClass) {
        return *__superClass;
      } else {
        GUM_ERROR(NotFound, "this Class is not a subclass");
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE const Set< PRMInterface< GUM_SCALAR >* >&
                 PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::implements() const {
      if (__implements) {
        return *__implements;
      } else {
        GUM_ERROR(NotFound,
                  "this Class does not implement any Interface<GUM_SCALAR>");
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >& PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::
                                          operator[](NodeId id) {
      return get(id);
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE const PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >& PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::
                                                operator[](NodeId id) const {
      return get(id);
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >& PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::
                                          operator[](const std::string& name) {
      return get(name);
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE const PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >& PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::
                                                operator[](const std::string& name) const {
      return get(name);
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::__overloadAggregate(
       PRMAggregate< GUM_SCALAR >*    overloader,
       PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >* overloaded) {
      __nameMap.insert(overloader->safeName(), overloader);
      __aggregates.insert(overloader);
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE bool PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::__checkOverloadLegality(
       const PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >* overloaded,
       const PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >* overloader) {
      if (overloaded->elt_type() != overloader->elt_type()) { return false; }

      switch (overloaded->elt_type()) {
        case PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::prm_attribute: {
          if (!overloader->type().isSubTypeOf(overloaded->type())) {
            return false;
          }
          break;
        }

        case PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::prm_refslot: {
          const auto& new_slot_type =
             static_cast< const PRMReferenceSlot< GUM_SCALAR >* >(overloader)
                ->slotType();
          const auto& old_slot_type =
             static_cast< const PRMReferenceSlot< GUM_SCALAR >* >(overloaded)
                ->slotType();

          if (!new_slot_type.isSubTypeOf(old_slot_type)) { return false; }

          break;
        }

        case PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >::prm_parameter: {
          auto overloaded_param =
             static_cast< const PRMParameter< GUM_SCALAR >* >(overloaded);
          auto overloader_param =
             static_cast< const PRMParameter< GUM_SCALAR >* >(overloader);

          return overloaded_param->valueType() == overloader_param->valueType();
          break;
        }

        default: { return false; }
      }
      return true;
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE const Set< PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >* >&
                 PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::extensions() const {
      return __extensions;
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE void PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::__addExtension(PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >* c) {
      __extensions.insert(c);
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE bool PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::isCastDescendant(
       const std::string& safe_name) const {
      const PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >& elt = get(safe_name);

      try {
        return elt.type().name() == get(elt.name()).type().name();
      } catch (OperationNotAllowed&) {
        GUM_ERROR(NotFound, "no attribute with the given name");
      }
    }

    template < typename GUM_SCALAR >
    INLINE bool PRMClass< GUM_SCALAR >::isOutputNode(
       const PRMClassElement< GUM_SCALAR >& elt) const {
      try {
        if (!this->_getIOFlag(elt).second) {
          if (__implements) {
            for (auto i : *__implements) {
              if (i->isOutputNode(elt)) { return true; }
            }
          }

          if (__superClass && (__superClass->isOutputNode(elt))) { return true; }

        } else {
          return true;
        }
      } catch (NotFound&) {}
      return false;
    }


  } /* namespace prm */
} /* namespace gum */